Software Architecture

Software architecture refers to the fundamental structure of a system, including the set of decisions about the organization and nature of the system that are difficult or impossible to change after the system is built.

Any decision that would represent a prohibative effort or risk if it needed to be changed later should be considered "architectural".

This includes the high level structure of the system, such as how it is decomposed into parts, but it also includes many decisions that are not organizational. For example, what programming language will be used is an architectural decision. If it is decided later to convert a system from Java to C#, even if the overall structure is to be retained, this would represent a monumental task.

Many software systems do not have a dedicated Software Architect, nor is one required. The most important consideration is that architectural decisions are made according to a consistent vision, and that the relative importance of competing considerations are well established and agreed.

The Software Architecture:

• Defines the System Structure: It provides a blueprint for the system that defines all the components or modules, how they interact with each other, and the structure of data that they use. This structure should support the functional and non-functional requirements of the system.
• Guides Key Decisions: It involves making strategic decisions regarding the choice of technology, frameworks, protocols, and standards used in the system. These decisions impact the performance, maintainability, scalability, and security of the system.
• Facilitates Communication: Among stakeholders (developers, designers, business analysts, etc.), the architecture serves as a common language. It helps in understanding the big picture and the trade-offs involved in design and implementation choices.
• Ensures Alignment with Business Goals: The architecture is designed to align the software system with business objectives and constraints, ensuring that the technology serves the business effectively.
• Addresses Non-Functional Requirements: It plays a crucial role in satisfying non-functional requirements like performance, scalability, reliability, and security. These aspects are often determined by the architectural choices made during the design phase.
• Guides the System Evolution: Over time, the software will need to evolve due to changing requirements, technologies, and environments. A well-defined architecture can make this evolution easier by being flexible and adaptable.